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HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/16/1969 - City CouncilREGULAR MEETING OF THE CITY COUNCIL CITY.OF COSTA-MESA, June 16, 1969 PART I The City Council of the City of Costa Mesa, California, met in regular session at 6:30 p.m., June 16, 1969, at the City Hall, 77 Fair Drive, Costa Mesa. The meeting was called to order by the Mayor for the purpose of discussion and debate on matters scheduled for Part II of the -meeting and such action as the Council desires to take under Section 2203 of the\Municipal Code of the City of Costa Mesa. Roll Call Councilmen Present: Pinkley, Jordan, Tucker, St. Clair Councilmen Absent: Wilson Officials Present: City Manager, City Attorney, Director of Public Works, City Engineer, City Clerk Minutes The Mayor asked if -there were any corrections or additions June 2; 1969 to the minutes of the regular meeting of June 2, 1969, and June 9, 1969 adjourned regular meeting of June 9, 1969. There being no corrections, the Mayor declared the minutes of June 2 and 9 approved as distributed and posted. Permit The Clerk presented from the meeting of June '2, 1969, Finnigan's Rainbow business license application from Sylvester Grove, Finnigan's Rainbow, 171+ Placentia Avenue, Costa Mesa, for the purpose of reconsidering the issuing of a dance license. Attorney Paul McClary, 1501 Westcliff Drive, Newport Beach, spoke to the Council on behalf of Sylvester Grove. Chief Neth gave a -report to uphold the recommenda- tion of denial of the application. The Clerk read the fire department report regarding violation of the fire code. After discussion, the Mayor directed that action be held until Part II of the meeting. Later in the meeting.Chief Neth gave a breakdown of arrests made on the premises of Finnigan's Rainbow. Chief Beauchamp reported on fire code violations. After discussion, on motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, Councilman Tucker voting No, the permit was granted.for a period of 90 days. Adjourned to The Mayor adjourned the meeting at 7:10 P.M. to a personnel Personnel Session session. PART II The City Council of the City of Costa Mesa, California, continued its regular session at 7:50 p.m., June 16, 1969, at City Hall, 77 Fair Drive, Costa Mesa. The meeting was called to order by the.Mayor, followed by the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag and Invocation by the Reverend Mel Taylor of Fairview -Baptist Church. Roll Call Councilmen Present: Pinkley, Jordan, Tucker, St. Clair Councilmen Absent: Wilson Officials Present: City Manager, City Attorney, Director of Public Works, City Engineer, City Clerk 1 1 1 Z1`! 41 tcc• . Resolution 69-43 Councilman Jordan presented the recommendation of the Boundary Recom- Inter -City Relations Committees for solution to annex- mendations ation boundaries. On motion by Councilman Jordan, Costa'Mesa and seconded by Councilman Tucker, Resolution 69-43, being Newport Beach A RESOLUTION OF `1HE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA OF APPROVAL.OF THE BOUNDARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE INTER -CITY RELATIONS.COMMITTEES OF THE CITIES OF COSTA MESA AND.N9,1PORT BEACH CITY COUNCILS, was adopted by the f01101•ring roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Certificate of Councilman Tucker presented a Certificate of Appreciation Appreciation - to Mayor Pinkley and City Manager A. R. McKenzie, on Costa Mesa Jaycees behalf of the Costa Mesa Jaycees. Resolution -69-44 On motion by Councilman Tucker, seconded by Councilman Commending John Jordan, Resolution 69-44, being A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY Saint, Costa Mesa COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA COMMENDING JOHN SAINT, Comets. COACH OF COSTA MESA COMETS, FOR OUTSTANDING ACHIEVEMENT WITH THE SEMI -PRO BASEBALL TEAM, was adopted by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Resolution 69-45 On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Commending Lions Club Pinkley, Resolution 69-45, being A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA COMMENDING THE COSTA MESA -NEWPORT HARBOR LIONS CLUB AND ITS OPTOMETRIC MEMBERS FOR THEIR SERVICE TO ENSENADA CHILDREN, was adopted by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Resolution 69-46 Upon motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman Commending Mrs. Pinkley, Resolution 69-46, being A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY John M. Oliver COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA EXPRESSING THE APPRECIATION OF THE CITY TO MRS. JOHN H. OLIVER FOR HER UNSELFISH WORK FOR SERVICEMEN IN VIETNAM, was adopted by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Plaque Councilman Jordan then presented Mrs. John M. Oliver with Mrs. John M. Oliver a laminated plaque on behalf of the City. William C. Hooks William C. Hooks, Boys' Enterprise, 5400 Seventh Avenue, Boys' Enterprise Los Angeles., addressed the Council telling about unlicensed Complaint - Illegal vendors in the City of Costa Mesa. He said that he was Vendors licensed by the City and paid for each of his boys to be able to sell candy in the City of Costa Mesa. He complained there was competition by a similar group who did not bother to obtain a City license. He said also that he had signed a complaint against the illegal vendors but had heard of no action as yet. On motion by Councilman Tucker, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, the City Manager.was instructed to investigate and report at the next regular Council meeting of July 7, 1969. Written ­ The Clerk presented the following written communications: Communications Letter from Mayor Neary of the Town of Emeryville,_Cali- fornia, urging opposition to Aspembly Bill 2057 and Senate Bills 347 and 839; a letter opposing Mitralux signs from Gloria Gartz, 1500 South Bay Front, Balboa. Island; a resolution from the Board of Supervisors'of Orange County ordering that property within the boundary of the City of Costa Mesa be exempt from taxes for structural fire protection for the fiscal year -1969=1970; two letters regarding the proposed Youth Advisory Com mission from Howard Wood, 311 Wilson Street, Costa Mesa, and Anthony Determan,.219 Grant, Nevport Beach; a copy of a transfer of an on -sale general liquor license from Peter M. Elliott, 2831 Bristol Street, Costa Mesa to 2831 Bristol Street Corporation, Costa Mesa; a Resolution from the City of Nef�7port Beach ,opposing dissolution of the Orange County Harbor District and suggesting that the Local Agency Formation Commission study certain suggested changes in the 'structure and jurisdiction of the Harbor District; a letter..from Garrett A. Carter, 2395 College Drive, Costa Mesa, requesting that the Council take action on a possible fire hazard on'the Sher property at Harbor Boulevard and Fair Drive caused by dry weeds. On motion by Councilman .Jordan, seconded .by Councilman St. Clair, and carried, the communications were received and filed except that the complaint:regarding the fire hazard was-referred,to the Street Department. Permit The Clerk presented an application for business license from Reliable Vending Company; Jack V. Connors and N. Westwood, 2022 West Chapman Avenue, Orange, for one pool table at the Lotus Room at 15+8-F Adams Avenue. On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair and carried, the application was approved. Block Party On motion -by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman July 4 St. Clair, and carried, permission was granted subject Taft Way to the approval of the police and fire departments to Mrs. Ronald Raya, 3121 Taft Way, Costa Mesa, to hold a block party on July 4, 1969, and block off the cul-de- sac street of Taft Way. - Departmental Reports On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Pinkley, and carried, the following departmental reports were recieved and filed: Deputy City Treasurer; Finance Department; Parks Department. Warrant On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Resolution 582 Jordan, Warrant Resolution Number 582, including payroll Number 6912 was approved by the following roll call vote:. AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen:' Wilson Public Hearing The Clerk presented for public hearing Rezone Petition - R -8-69 _ R-8-69, Genji Kawamura, 718 St: James Place, Newport Kawamura Beach, for permission to rezone property between Bear Street and Smalley Road, north of the San Diego,Freeway from Al, Agricultural'District, to R3, Three Family. Residential District. The Clerk said that he had re- ceived a request from a.representative of the applicant that the rezone petition be returned to the Planning Com- mission for revision. On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, Rezone Petition R-8-69 was referred to the Planning Commission as requested by the applicant. Set for Public The City Attorney said that he had forwarded copies of Hearing of Costa a letter to the Council members from Dr. Anthony Toto, Mesa as Policing Fairview State Hospital, in which Dr. Toto requests that Agency the City of Costa Mesa -act as policing agency on the Fairview Hospital private streets of the Fairview State Hospital property. Streets On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St.. Clair, and carried, public hearing was set for July 7, 1969, at 7:30 p.m., or soon thereafter as practicable, for the purpose of adopting an ordinance to allow the City of Costa Mesa to act'as policing agency on the private streets of the Fairview Hospital property. Lease The City Attorney presented a lease between George and George and Mary Hill Mary Hill and the City of Costa Mesa for rental of Placentia Avenue property at 2153 Placentia Avenue from the period of July 1, 1969, to June 30, 1970. Upon motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, the lease was approved and the Mayor and City Clerk authorized to sign on behalf of the City by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Agreement, On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Southern. California Jordan, a Joint Use Agreement between Southern California Edison.- Utility Edison Company and the City of Costa Mesa for relocation Poles on of right of way for utility poles on Arlington Drive from Arlington Drive Fairview Road to Newport Boulevard was approved and the Mayor and City Clerk authorized to sign on behalf of the City by the following roll call vote: AYES:. Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Agreement The City Engineer presented an agreement between the City Heltzer Enterprises of Costa Mesa and Heltzer Enterprises for three temporary Tract 6637 entrances into Tract 6637 from Sunflower Avenue and Smalley Temporary Access Road, agreement to,expire in one year. On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, the agreement was approved and the Mayor and City Clerk authorized to sign on behalf of the City by the following roll call vote: - AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Bids Opened. The City Engineer reported that bids had been opened at Arlington Drive 11:00 a.m. on June 16, 1969, by the City Clerk for Improve - from Fairview to went of Arlington Drive from Fairview Road to Newport Newport Boulevard. The following bids were received: NAME TOTAL R. W. McClellan and Sons, Incorporated $1+9,300.70 S. J. Cook and Sons, Incorporated 129,380.40 Sully -Miller Contracting Company 108,985.80 E. L. White Company 114, 3+9.69 Mark Construction Company 106,482.19 Awarded On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, the contract was awarded to Mark Construction Company in the amount of $106,482.19, as having submitted the lowest bid, by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Southern California City Engineer requested clarification on the policy - Edison Company passed by-the'Council.regarding notification of utility Permits for Power poles to be moved. The City Engineer said that two Poles permits had been received from the Southern California Edison Company for relocation of one power pole due to a street improvement and another due to a new installation. According to the underground districts that can be set up, there must be a minimum of 600 feet. These poles are on Irvine and 16th, and the request was received on June 16, with work requested for June 18. The Mayor requested that the City Engineer look into the problem caused by four poles on the corner of Irvine and 16th, and with a new pole added, a total of five poles on one corner, and on motion by Councilman Pinkley, seconded by Councilman Tucker, and carried, the two power pole permits from the Southern California Edison Company were held over to the adjourned meeting of June 23, 1969. Bids Opened The City Clerk said that bids were opened on June 13, Bid Item 127 1969, at 11:00 a.m. by the -City Clerk for Bid Item 127, Tires vehicle tires, tubes and tire repair service. The following bids were received: NAME TOTAL Firestone Tire and Rubber Company Prices as shown on price catalog filed Young and Lane Tire Company in Clerk's Office. Awarded The Clerk said that he had received a recommendation from the purchasing agent that the contract be awarded to Young and Lane Tire Company, -as having submitted the lowest bid meeting specifications. On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, the contract was awarded to Young and Lane Tire Company. Encroachment Permit The Clerk presented application for Encroachment Permit Number 36 Number 36, General Maintenance, for Southland Corporation, General Maintenance 7 -Eleven Food Stores, Post Office Box 5639, Buena Park, - Southland Corpora- California, for permission to permit projection over tion property line with ,a pole sign at 2140 Placentia Avenue, 7 -Eleven Costa Mesa. He read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for approval for maximum three-foot projection only subject to the following conditions: 1. Prior to the issuance of a building permit, the legal property owner and the owner of the proposed sign, shall stipulate to a sign removal agreement, subject to the approval of the City Attorney; 2. Installation of a concrete masonry planter with landscaping under the direction of the Planning Department. A representative of the applicant said that the applicant agreed to the conditions. On motion by Councilman St.. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, Encroachment Permit Number 36 was approved subject to the recommendations of the Planning Commission. 1 1 Frank Schroth The Clerk presented a request from Frank Schroth, 2040 T. V. Repair Federal Avenue, Costa Mesa, to allow a T. V. Repair Service Transitional Zone ' operation in the Transitional Zone at 874 West 19th Street. He read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for approval subject to the following conditions: 1. According Frank Schroth to adopted standards there shall be no stock in trade, T. -V. Repair no mechanical equipment used, except such as is necessary Transitional Zone for the above enumerated occupations (listed in -Resolution (continued) Number 60) or as is -necessary for housekeeping'purposes; 2. The existing garage shall not be converted. Mr.— Schroth said that he agreed to the conditions. On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair,, and carried, the request was approved subJect to the recom- mendations of the Planning Commission. Ordinance. 69-15 On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman First Reading St. Clair, Ordinance 69-15, being AN ORDINANCE OF THE Fees from Multiple CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA PROVIDING FOR THE Dwelling Units PAYMENT OF FEES IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIPLE DWELLING UNITS, was given first reading and passed to second reading by the following roll call Vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Resolution 69-47 Upon motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Establishing Jordan, Resolution 69-47, being A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY Qualifications for COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA ESTABLISHING THE QUALI- Orange County FICATIONS OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA FOR PARTICIPATION IN Arterial Highway THE ORANGE COUNTY ARTERIAL HIGHWAY FINANCING PROGRAM, was Financing Program adopted by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES: Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson Right of Way Deed On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, the following right of way deed was ordered accepted and placed on record by the following roll call vote: AYES: Councilmen: Tucker, Jordan, Pinkley, St. Clair NOES:, Councilmen: None ABSENT: Councilmen: Wilson DATE NAME FOR STREET 6-5-69 Ruth T. and E. Bradley Cosgrove Utility Easement off Bristol V-52=68 The Clerk presented application for Zone Exception Permit Miltenburg V-52-68, Edward W. Miltenburg, 773 Paularino Avenue, Costa Mesa, for permission to construct a 70 unit apartment complex in addition to existing residence, making a total of 71 units on 119,922 square feet of land area, one unit per 1,689 square feet in a R2 zone, first lot west of 749 Paularino Avenue, Costa Mesa. The Clerk read the recom- mendation of the Planning Commission for denial. The applicant was not present. On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, and carried, the appli- cation was held over to the meeting of July 7, 1969. zE-54-69 The Clerk presented Zone Exception Application ZE-54-69, Tyrrell and/or Gibbons Frank Tyrrell and/or Graham G. Gibbons, 314 Walnut Street, Costa Mesa, for permission to continue to have -an outside display of cut flowers and potted plants for retail sale in a C2 zone at 483 East 17th Street. The Clerk read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for approval subject to the following special requirements: 1. Shall meet all the requirements from the various City departments, except where Planning Department does not concur, copy of which is attached to the application and made a part thereof. 1 .s ZE-54-6g A man representing the applicant said that he agreed Tyrrell and/or Gibbons to the condition. On motion by Councilman Jordan, (Continued) seconded by Councilman St. Clair, and carried, the application was approved subject to the recommendation of the Planning Commission. ZE-55-69 The Clerk presented Zone Exception Application ZE-55-69, Baber Beulah Baber, 391 La Perle Lane, Costa Mesa, for per- mission to continue the operation of a Guest Home for - four elderly guests as a home occupation and to transfer Conditional Use Permit Number C-38-68 from Harmie Bliss to Beulah Baber in a R2 zone at that address. .The Clerk read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for approval subject to the following special requirements: 1. Shall meet all the requirements as outlined on the certified recommendations of the various city departments, copy attached to the application and made a part thereof. - The applicant agreed to the conditions. Mrs. Linda Selby, 378 La Perle Lane, Costa Mesa, spoke from the floor saying she did not object but was interested in proper maintenance of the property and that sidewalks were supposed to be installed by the last applicant. After discussion, Council- man St. Clair made a motion for approval of the application subject to the recommendations of the Planning Commission, except that sidewalks were deleted. The motion died for lack of a second. .On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman Tucker, and carried, the appli- cation was approved subject to the recommendations of the Planning Commission. ZE-56-69 The Clerk presented Zone Exception.Application ZE-56-69, Genser Melven Genser, 5321 Vineland, North Hollywood, for per- mission to erect and maintain a temporary subdivision single face directional sign 10 feet by 30 feet, to direct prospective home buyers to model homes in Tract No. 62+5 (Heltzer Tract) located at Sunflower and Smalley, Costa Mesa in a C1 -CP zone, east side of Harbor Boulevard, 1227 feet northerly_of the center line of Baker Street. The Clerk read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for approval subject to the following special requirement: 1. Must meet all the requirements of the certified recom- mendations of the various departments of the City of Costa Mesa, copy attached to the application and made a part thereof.` On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, and carried, the application was approved subject to the recommendations of the Planning Commission. ZE-57-69 The Clerk presented Zone Exception Application ZE-57-69, Genser Melven Genser, 5321 Vineland, North Hollywood, for per- mission to change copy on existing single face directional sign and repaint new.copy for Republic Homes, located on the South side of Adams Avenue, west:of Harbor Boulevard in a Cl -CP zone, at northeast corner of Baker and Harbor Boulevard. The Clerk read the recommendation of the Planning Commission for denial. Mr. Murphy was present, representing the applicant. On motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, the application was denied. 1 1 Permit The Clerk presented application for business license -Boys' Enterprise from Boys' Enterprise, William C. Hooks, 5400 Seventh Avenue, Los Angeles, for itinerant, merchant, candy sales on. -the dates of July 26, August 2, and November 1 and 8, 1969. On motion by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman Pinkley, and carried, the application was held over to the meeting of July 7, 1969. Call for Bids The City'Manager presented specifications for Bid Item Bid Item 128 128, Offset Printing Machine, bids to be read June 27, Offset'Printing 1969. After discussion, upon motion by Councilman St. Clair, seconded by Councilman Pinkley, and carried, authorization was granted for the City Manager to advertise for bids. The City Manager said that after several meetings between the negotiating committee of the Costa Mesa City Employees' Association and management, the following were recommended for adoption: 1. Salary Adjustments a. That the City Council adopt the Classification Plan as presented by Public Administration Service. b. That Public Administration Service recommended salary plan and ranges be adopted with the following changes: 1. Clerical Supervisor - From Range 14 to Range 15. 2. Deputy City Clerk - From Range 14 to Range 15. 3. Operations Officer be deleted. 4. Communications Officer - From Range 14 to Range 15. 5. Assistant Civil Defense Director From Range 25 to Range 24. 6. Fire Equipment Supervisor From Range 20 to Range 23. 7. Communications Director - From Range 26 to Range 25. 8. Facilities and Equipment Director From Range 24 to Range 25. c. That Public Administration Service recommended "Plan "B" be adopted. . d. That through the implementation of "Plan B" a one- step increase would.be allowed to those employees who would not be at the top of the range when the "Plan B" is adopted. It is also understood that the employees would receive no further salary review or merit increase for the 1969-70 fiscal year. 2. Holiday Revisions It is recommended that the Friday immediately"following. Thanksgiving Day be recognized`as a legal City Holiday and' eliminate the -Columbus Day Holiday. The basic reasons for this change are: (1) In general, building trades and in- dustry, this day is observed as a holiday, and (2) With this change, it would benefit the City of Costa Mesa by providing efficient employee time and services on work days that align with the private sector. Employee'Requests 1969=1970 (Continued) 3. Stand-by Time It is recommended that Section 2, entitled "Stand-by Pay" of Rule 13 of the Personnel' -Rules and Regulations'be." amended to read: "If an employee of the City is assigned by his department head to duty ori a stand-by basis, he will be paid at the rate of thirteen -(13) hours at his'' prevailing rate of compensation for each week so assigned, plus his regular compensation for each hour worked during such stand-by assignment." This change would give an employee who stands by an additional five_N hours pay per week. No other change is recommended in the stand-by terminology. 4. Other Employee Requests The Employees' Association has asked for a shift differ- cntial pay and pay for unused sick leave upon retirement or reduction in force. However, neither one of these items are recommended for your approval. The effective date of the above recommendations should be June 29, 1969. On motion -by Councilman Jordan, seconded by Councilman St. Clair, the Employee Requests for 1969-1970. were adopted as recommended by the City Manager. Oral Communications The Mayor asked if anyone in the audience had discussion on any item that was not on the agenda. Orange Freeway Meeting The City Manager invited anyone interested to attend a meeting on the Orange Freeway on June 27, 10:00 a.m., Division of Highways, 120 South Spring Street., Room 2, Los Angeles. Justification for Councilman St. Clair discussed the purchase of Bid Item Purchase of Bid 126, Multi -Channel FM Communication Monitor versus the Item 126 . agreement with Orange County for maintenance of radio FM Monitor equipment. After lengthy discussion, on motion by Council- man Tucker, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and,carried, - City Manager, Communications Director, and the City Attorney were requested to report back at the meeting -of -July 7, 1969. Adjournment On motion by Councilman Pinkley, seconded by Councilman Jordan, and carried, the meeting was adjourned at 10:00 p.m. to 7:30 P.M. on June 23, 1969, in the Council Conference Room. Mayor of The 'City of Costa Mesa. ATTEST: "e,Asn -2.K...• City Clerk of the City of Costa Mesa 1 1 1