HomeMy WebLinkAbout- - Bicycle Parking Ordinance - 7/17/2012CITY COUNCIL AGENDA REPORT
MEETING DATE: July 17th, 2012 ITEM NUMBER:
SUBJECT: BICYCLE PARKING ORDINANCE
DATE: JULY 10, 2012
FROM: POLICE DEPARTMENT- FIELD OPERATIONS DIVISION
PRESENTATION BY: VICTOR BAKKILA, POLICE SERGEANT
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: VICTOR BAKKILA (714) 754-4812
vbakkila@costamesaca.gov
RECOMMENDED ACTION:
1. Present the ordinance for its second reading to be read by title only and waive
further reading.
BACKGROUND:
The Homeless Task Force (HTF) was formed by the City Council in January, 2011 in a
response to a series of incidents in the Lions Park vicinity. Problems due to vagrancy
included individuals sleeping in the park overnight, multiple encounters between the
homeless population, library, and community center patrons, and a variety of complaints
from adjacent property owners and park users.
The HTF adopted nine goals and recommendations dealing with the issues related to
homelessness. Since that time, the City, in conjunction with both the faith based and
non-profit communities, has encouraged and implemented a variety of policies and
programs including an ordinance prohibiting sex offenders in the park, a church run
storage facility, a Neighborhood Improvement Task Force which deals with
homelessness and community blight, and a church instituted family reunification
program. The City is also reviewing its abandoned property ordinance as well as other
ordinances and policies dealing with hotel/motel nuisance abatement, vice activities,
and long term motel occupancy rates.
As part of its review of quality of life issues, the City has also undertaken a variety of
public improvements designed to improve its parks and recreational areas. In
cooperation with the Churches Consortium, and with the advent of the church operated
"Check-in Center" storage facility, the City recently removed the railing in front of the
Downtown Library which was used by the homeless for short-term storage. Similarly,
the City recently began demolition of the picnid shelter at Lions Park in anticipation of
newer, permanent recreational facilities.
During the past several years, there have also been citizen complaints regarding
bicycles being attached to poles, trees, fire hydrants, utility boxes, and irrigation
systems throughout the city. In several areas, these locked bicycles have blocked the
right of way on sidewalks and other areas in the city including parks. Many of these
bicycles were abandoned for several days. Additionally, over the 5 -month period from
January to May 2012, there was a 68% increase in bicycle thefts compared to the same
5 -month time period in 2011 (January to May 2011).
City staff believes the best course of action to mitigate these thefts and to eliminate the
blight of bicycles being locked throughout the city is to enact a bicycle ordinance similar
to the one in the Freehold Borough in New Jersey. The New Jersey ordinance deals
directly with improper bicycle parking which not only blocks the circulation paths of
vehicular and pedestrian traffic, but also creates visual clutter along the streets. The
ordinance prohibits a person from locking a bicycle to poles, traffic signs or signals,
hydrants, mailboxes, trees, and similar appurtenances or on or in any public rights -of —
way and semi-public rights-of-way or in any other fashion on or to anything other than a
bicycle parking rack. Similarly, the City of Costa Mesa is facing the same issue and is
responding with a bicycle parking ordinance to protect access and reduce visual
disorder on the street.
ANALYSIS:
Proaosed Ordinance Requirements
The proposed ordinance protects the public welfare by regulating where and how
bicycles may be parked (Attachment A). It prohibits bicycles from being locked to public
infrastructure other than bicycle racks on public and private property. Bicycles locked in
locations not designed specifically for bicycle parking shall be impounded. Owners who
have had their bicycles impounded will be able to retrieve their bicycle from the City
after paying the storage costs incurred by the City. The penalty for improper locking of
one's bicycles will provide a disincentive from improper parking that impedes public
circulation. Furthermore, bike owners will be encouraged to utilize the church storage
Check-in Center facility for proper storage.
In addition to Freehold, New Jersey, several neighboring cities such as Newport Beach,
Huntington Beach, and Irvine have enacted bicycle ordinances which either regulate
abandoned bicycles or stipulate bicycle parking requirements. Attachment B shows the
standards for these comparable cities.
As previously stated, the Ordinance is designed to address quality of life issues in Costa
Mesa and to ensure parks and public right-of-ways throughout the City are accessible
for all Costa Mesa Residents. At the first reading of the Bicycle Rack Ordinance, City
Council had several comments and suggestions. First, they proposed posting images
of the impounded bikes online to facilitate the claims process and earmarking revenue
from impounded bike sales for youth activities. Costa Mesa Police Department will be
working with William Lobdell, the City's webmaster, to ensure that a seamless process
takes place. Secondly, both City Council and CMPD ensured that enforcement would
be limited until additional bike racks were purchased in parks where deficiencies exist.
Both the CEO's Office and the Public Services Department will work closely together to
2
purchase additional bike racks and choose the most appropriate locations for these
racks.
Existing Bike Racks in Costa Mesa
There are currently 30 parks and 38 bike parking spaces in those same parks in the city
of Costa Mesa (Attachment C). The City conducted two separate analyses to determine
bicycle rack adequacy. The City performed a brief bicycle rack usage analysis to
estimate whether parks and other public facilities had adequate amounts of bicycle
parking (Attachment C). The following locations were studied because they exhibited a
high usage level, as determined by the number of picnic shelter reservations between
May 2011 and May 2012. Those parks are:
1.
Tewinkle Park
2.
Fairview Park
3.
Lions Park
4.
Shiffer Park
5.
Wakeham Park
Based on the number of racks as well as a usage analysis by the Housing and Community
Development staff, there appears to be an inadequate number of bicycle racks in the city
parks observed. An additional 22 bicycle parking spaces would be needed to
accommodate the bicycles observed during the survey time period. Based on this survey,
the majority would need to be in Lions Park. Moreover, staff plans to cavy out an
additional usage survey based on peak weekend times prior to finalizing the data.
An additional analysis was undertaken looking at bike racks needed as a percentage of
vehicle parking spaces at each park. It was estimated that parks would require 23 new
bike spaces. Based on this evaluation, Lions Park had adequate bicycle parking spaces
while the other four parks had a deficit of spaces.
The City is in the process of a grant application to fund more bicycle parking racks for
public facilities. If more racks are provided, funding will possibly be available in July,
2012. Thus, enforcement would be rolled out on a "phased basis" based on the timeline
for installation of new racks in the parks. Additionally, in parks where there are currently
no bike racks, which are typically smaller parks, there will be no enforcement given the
lack of bicycle parking spaces in those locations. However, it is suggested that prior to
any bike racks being funded in parks with existing bike racks, an additional survey be
conducted after the Bicycle Parking Ordinance is adopted. It is also possible that once
the Check-in Center near Lions Park becomes more fully utilized, additional bike racks
may not be needed at these locations.
ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED:
The City can choose not to adopt the proposed Bike Parking Ordinance and continue to
allow bikes to be parked and locked to public infrastructure and or other facilities.
FISCAL REVIEW:
3
This ordinance will not generate any new financial obligations to the City of Costa Mesa.
Depending on the number of fines for improperly locked bicycles, the ordinance will
possibly generate a small amount of revenue, and this revenue will be used to offset
any storage costs associated with the impounding of bicycles.
LEGAL REVIEW:
The City Attorney's office has reviewed and approved the attached municipal ordinance
as to form and content.
CONCLUSION:
Currently the existing municipal code does not address bicycles being parked in the city
outside of bicycle racks. The adoption of this municipal code will give the Costa Mesa
Police Department the proper tool to improve access and the visual character of the
streets in the City of Costa Mesa. The consolidation of bicycles in approved racks
should reduce the blight and thefts associated with bicycles spread throughout the city.
VIC BAKKILA
Sergeant– Community Services
—Zlq
T M DUA E
City Attorney
DISTRIBUTION: City CEO
City Attorney
Finance Director
City Clerk
42i�2-
TOZ
Chief of Police
ATTACHMENTS: A) Proposed Costa Mesa Bicycle Parking
Ordinance
B) Comparable Cities with Bicycle Parking
Policies
C) Bicycle Rack Assessment
D) Bicycle Demand Analysis
12
ORDINANCE NO. 12 -
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE
CITY OF COSTA MESA ADDING CHAPTER III OF
TITLE 4 OF THE COSTA MESA MUNICIPAL CODE
RELATING TO BICYCLE PARKING REGULATIONS
WHEREAS, there exists a need to regulate the manner and method of parking
and securing bicycles in, on and about public property in the City of Costa Mesa; and
WHEREAS California Vehicle Code Section 21206 provides that local authorities
may, by ordinance, regulate the parking and operation of bicycles on pedestrian or
bicycle facilities, provided such regulation is not in conflict with the provisions of the
Vehicle Code; and
WHEREAS California Vehicle Code Section 21210 provides that local authorities
may, by ordinance or resolution, prohibit bicycle parking in designated areas of the
public highway, provided that appropriate signs are erected.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF COSTA MESA
DOES HEREBY ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. Chapter III of Title 4 of the Costa Mesa Municipal Code is hereby added
as follows:
CHAPTER III. BICYCLE PARKING RACKS, SECURING OF BICYCLES
Sec. 4-32. Purpose and findings.
A. The uncontrolled placement and tethering or securing of bicycles in public rights -of —
way and semi-public rights-of-way, on or to public property, presents an inconvenience
and danger to the safety and welfare of persons using such rights-of-way, including
pedestrians and persons entering and leaving vehicles and buildings.
B. Bicycles so located on public property as to cause an inconvenience or danger to
persons using public rights -of —way and semi-public rights-of-way, and as to cause an
unsightly appearance, constitute public nuisances.
C. These factors constitute an unreasonable interference with and obstruction of the use
of the public rights -of —way and semi-public rights-of-way, are injurious to health,
offensive to the senses, and constitute such an obstruction of the free use of property as
to interfere in the comfortable enjoyment of life and property by the entire community.
D. The governing body recognizes, however, that many residents use bicycles as a
primary means of transportation as well as for recreational purposes, as a means to visit
the City and that adequate facilities need to be in place for the safe and secure parking
and storage of these bicycles. These competing interests require a reasonable
accommodation which can be satisfactorily achieved through this Ordinance, designed
to provide for the placement of bicycle parking racks and to regulate the place and
manner of bicycle parking on public property and in public rights-of-way and semi-public
rights-of-way in the city.
E. The provisions and prohibitions hereinafter enacted are for the purpose of securing
and promoting the general welfare of persons in the city in their use of public rights-of-
way and semi-public rights-of-way and other public property throwcZh the regulation of
bicycle parking in the city so as to: - - --4
1. Provide for pedestrian and driving safety and
2. Ensure no unreasonable interference with the flow of pedeWtrian or
vehicular traffic including ingress to, or egress from, anyplace o - siness, or
from the street to the sidewalk, use of the sidewalk, use of public p sor
property;
_ �_ -
3. Provide reasonable access for the use and maintenance of public sidewalks,
poles, traffic signs and signals, hydrants, mailboxes, trees, and similar
appurtenances, and access to locations used for public transportation purposes;
4. Reduce visual blight on the public rights-of-way and semi-public rights-of-way,
protect the aesthetics and value of surrounding properties, and protect the quiet
enjoyment of public areas;
5. Reduce exposure of the city to personal injury or property damage claims and
litigation;
6. Protect and -safeguard bicycles from vandalism, damage or theft
Sec. 4-34. Definitions.
The following words and phrases, whenever used in this chapter, shall be construed as
defined in this section:
A. Bicycle Parking Rack means a rack for the storage, parking and securing of bicycles.
B. Bicycle Rack Space means the space sufficient for securing one bicycle to the bicycle
parking rack.
C. Bicycle shall mean and include any device as defined in the California Vehicle Code
section 39000, and includes a "motorized bicycle", as defined in California Vehicle Code
section 406, as amended.
Sec. 4-36. Prohibited Acts.
A. No person shall park, tether or secure a bicycle upon or to any sidewalks, poles,
traffic signs or signals, hydrants, mailboxes, trees, fences and similar appurtenances or
on or in any public rights -of —way and semi-public rights-of-way or in any other fashion
on or to anything other than a bicycle parking rack installed for that purpose, except that
bicycles may be parked on private property with the consent of the property owner.
B. Anything affixed to, or on a bicycle tethered or otherwise secured to a bicycle rack
shall fit in one bicycle rack space and shall not protrude into any adjacent bicycle rack
space.
C. All bicycles discovered by the city to have been tethered or secured upon or to any
sidewalks, poles, traffic signs or signals, hydrants, mailboxes, trees, fences and similar
appurtenances or on or in any public rights-of-way and semi-public rights-of-way or in
any other fashion on or to anything other than a bicycle parking rack installed for that
purpose, abandoned or otherwise left on public streets, sidewalks, public property or on
private property without the consent of the owner shall be seized and impounded by the
city. The owner of such bicycles may claim them from the city by paying a fine in an
amount to be established by resolution of the City Council, as may be amended from
time to time, for each bicycle claimed, to cover the municipal retrieval costs, and, in
addition thereto, shall pay $1.00 per day, or an amount to be established by the city by
resolution from time to time, for storage of each such bicycle. The city shall have the
right to impound and retain possession of any bicycle in violation of the provisions of this
chapter and may retain possession of such bicycle until the provisions of this chapter
are complied with. Bicycles which remain impounded pursuant to this section for longer
than a ninety -day period may be sold at auction in accordance with laws governing the
disposal of abandoned property generally.
D. In order to claim a bicycle from impound, the owner must present a bicycle
registration card or be able to identify the bicycle by make, color or any other fashion
sufficient to identify the bicycle. The city shall not be responsible for any bicycle
impounded or released to a person claiming to be the owner thereof.
Sec. 4-38. Bicycle Parking Rack Locations.
For the public convenience, the city, together with private contributions, has
placed bicycle parking racks throughout the municipality, and with emphasis on areas
where bicycles have historically been parked. Interested persons may obtain a list of the
locations of all city bicycle racks from the City Clerk.
Sec. 4-40. Violation; Penalty.
Any person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of an
infraction and shall, upon conviction thereof, be subject to a fine of ten dollars ($10.00)
for each violation.
Section 2. Any provision of the Costa Mesa Municipal Code or appendices thereto
inconsistent with the provisions of this Ordinance, to the extent of such inconsistencies
and no further, is hereby repealed or modified to that extent necessary to effect the
provisions of this Ordinance.
Section 3. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, phrase or portion of this
ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by the decision of any
court of competent jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
portions of this Ordinance. The City Council of the City of Costa Mesa hereby declares
that it would have adopted this Ordinance and each section, subsection, sentence,
clause, phrase, or portion thereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections,
subsections, sentences, clauses, phrases or portions be declared invalid or
unconstitutional.
Section 4. The Mayor shall sign and the City Clerk shall certify to the passage and
adoption of this Ordinance and shall cause the same to be published and posted
pursuant to the provisions of law in that regard and this Ordinance shall take effect 30
days after its final passage.
PASSED AND ADOPTED this day of
4iyia
STATE OF CALIFORNIA)
COUNTY OF ORANGE ) ss
CITY OF COSTA MESA)
I, CHRISTINE CORDON, Acting City Clerk and ex -officio clerk of the City Council
of the City of Costa Mesa, hereby certify that the above and foregoing Ordinance
No. 12 --was introduced and considered section by section at a regular meeting of
said City Council held on the day of , 2012, and thereafter
passed and adopted as a whole at a regular meeting of said City Council held on
the day of 2012, by the following roll call vote:
AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS:
ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS: -
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the Seal of the
City of Costa Mesa this day of 12012.
City
Cle
Cit}
Attachment B: Comparable Cities with Bicycle Parking Policies
Irvine, CA Newport Beach, CA Huntington Beach, CA _
Summary In the city of Irvine, bicycles are required to be locked or
parked in a way that does not obstruct pedestrian traffic
along the sidewalk, and the penalty for noncompliance is
impoundment (Irvine Municipal Code, Sec, 4-7-209 and 4-
7-215).
In the city of Newport Beach, there are no regulations in regards
to bicycle parking. However, Newport Beach regulates abandoned
bicycles. Any bicycle locked to city property for a period of 48
hours or longer is deemed abandoned and will be impounded.
In the city of Huntington Beach, bicycles may not Impede access along
any circulation path or ingress and egress from buildings. Bicycles
parked inappropriately will be Impounded by the city (Huntington Beach
Municipal Code, 10.84.120 and 10.84.130).
Sec. 4.7-209. - Parking.
Chapter 12.56
10.84.120 Impounding—Parked bicycles.
No person shall leave a bicycle tying on its side on any
No regulations in regards to bicycle parking.
No person shall park or leave a bicycle in the area between Pacific
sidewalk, nor shalt park a bicycle upon the public right -of-
Coast Highway and the mean high tide line of the Pacific Ocean In a
way or the sidewalk rack to support the bicycle or against a
manner so as to block or impede any road, vehicle route, walkway or
building or at a curb, except in such a manner as to afford
path, or so as to block or Impede ingress or egress from any building,
the least obstruction to pedestrian traffic.
stair, pier or bridge. Any bicycle so parked or left may be impounded by
the Community Services Department or by the Police Department, and
may be held until the sum of five dollars ($5) has been collected to
defray the cost of impound. (1784-12172, 1913-5174)
Sec. 4-7-215. - Impoundment for violation of law.
11.04.090 Abandoned Bicycle.
10.84.130 Impounding—Holding time period.
The Director of Public Safety/Chief of Police or his or her
Any bicycle that is attached or fastened to any City property,
Any bicycle which has been so impounded and held for three (3) months
duty authorized representative shall have the right to
including a bicycle rack, or left In a park, park facility, on a beach,
without redemption by or on behalf of the lawful owner thereof shall, if
impound any bicycle In violation of this chapter, and may
or oceanfront boardwalk for a period of forty-eight (48) hours or
saleable, be sold at such time and place and in such manner for the
retain possession of such bicycle until the provisions of
longer shall be deemed abandoned property and may be
reasonable value thereof, as provided by this code. (1784-12172, 1913 -
this chapter are complied with. Bicycles retained by the
impounded by the City. Any bicycle which has been impounded by
5174, 3602-5/03)
Police Department in excess of three months shall be
the City and held for ninety (90) days without redemption by or on
disposed of in compliance with Civil Code §§ 2080.1,
behalf of the lawful owner thereof shall, if saleable, be sold at such
2080.2, 2080.3, 2080.4 and 2080.5.
time and place and in such a manner as required by Civil Code
Section 2080 et seq. (Ord. 2012-6 § 1 (part), 2012)
Attachment C: City of Costa Mesa Bicycle Rack Assessment
Costa Mesa City Parks Location
iAddress Bike Rack Capacity
Bark Park
970 Arlington
0
Brentwood Park
265 E. Brentwood Place
0
Canyon Park
1970 Arbor St.
0
Civic Center Park
77 Fair Dr.
0
Del Mesa Park
2080 Manistee Dr.
0
Estancia Park
1900 Adams Ave.
0
Fairview Park 12525
Placentia Ave.
0
Gisler Park ;1250
Gisler St. !
0
Harper Park
425 E. 18th St.
0
Heller Park '257
E. 16th St.
8
Jordan Park
2141 Tustin Ave.
0
Ketchum-Libolt Park
2150 Maple St.
0
Lindbergh Park
220 E. 23rd St.
0
Lions Park
1570 W. 18th St. !
15
Marina View Park
11035 W. 19th St.
0
Mesa Verde Park
1795 Samar Dr.
0
Moon Park
13377 California St.
0
j Paularino Park
11040 Paularino Ave.
0
Pinkley Park
360 E. Ogle St.
0
Shalimar Park
782 Shalimar Dr.
0
Shiffer Park
3143 Bear St. (
0
Smallwood Park
1646 Corsica PI.
0
Suburbia Park
3302 Alabama Cir.
0
Tanager park
1780 Hummingbird Dr. j
0
Tewinkle Park
970 Arlington Ave.
0
Vista Park
11200 Victoria St.
0
Volcom Skate Park
j900 Arlington Dr.
15
Wakeham Park
3400 Smalley St.
0
Wilson Park
360 W. Wilson St.
0
l Wimbledon Park
3440 Wimbledon Way
0
1
I
Total Parks
30
Total Parks' Bike Capacity
38
Attachment D1: City of Costa Mesa Bicycle Demand Analysis
Survev Results Method
Costa Mesa Citv Park Address Time of Survev Total Bikes Observed Bikes Parked In Racks Maximum Bikes Observed Existing Bike Rack Capacity Additional Spaces Required
Per Survev Method
Wakeham Park 3400 Smalley St. 5/30/1212:21PM 0
0 0
0
0
5131/12 4:02 PM 0
0
611112 11:20 AM 0
0
Shiffer Park 3143 Bear St. 5130112 12:33 PM 0
0 2
0
2
5131/12 4:08 PM 0
0
611112 10:30 AM 2
0
Tewinkle Park 970 Arlington Ave. 513011212:52 PM 3
0 5
0
5
5/31/12 4:21 PM 0
0
6/1/12 9:30 AM 5
0
Lions Park 570 W. 18th St. 5130112 11:40 AM 29
1 29
15
14
5131/12 3:35 PM 29
2
6/1112 10:10 AM 11
5
Fairview Park 2525 Placentia Ave. 513011212:03 PM 1
0 1
0
1
5/31/12 3:46 PM 1
0
611/12 10:50 AM 0
0
Total
22
Methodology:
Survey: The survey was conducted over a three-day period. Peak afternoon, late-aftemoon, and morning times were picked to anticipate the times most likely to have a significant amount
of people. The analysis was performed near the beginning of summer because this represents a time of year with a high prevalence of bicyclists. To estimate the need, we took the
maximum number of bikes observed over the different survey times and based the demand needed on that figure.
Total Bikes Observed refers to the total number of bikes parked properly and improperly at the time of survey.
Bikes Parked In Racks refers to the number of bikes properly parked in bike racks.
Existing Bike Rack Capacity is the number of bike rack spaces the park currently has.
Methodology:
Demand by % of Parking Is a calculation method employed by some U.S. cities (such as Boulder, CO; Huntington Beach, CA; Irvine, CA; Bend, OR)
which requires bicycle parking capacity to be a percentage of the number of automobile spaces provided. For this analysis, a standard of 5% of
parking spaces, but no less than 3 bike spaces, was used. The 5% was used as a figure that is lower than cities with a large biking community
(Boulder. CO), but also higher than cities with a smaller biking community (Irvine, Huntington Beach). The size of a biking community was
determined by the number of workers over the age 16 who bike to work as calculated In the 2006-2010 American Community Survey. S0801.
Additionally, 5% of vehicle parking spaces was used because 5% is the recommended supply for short-term bicycle parking for visitors according to
the 2010 California Green Building Code, Section 5.106.4.
Attachment D2: City of Costa Mesa Bicycle Demand Analysis
Bike Racks as a Percentage of Parkina Method
Costa Mesa City Park
Address
Parking Spaces
Demand by 5% of Parking Existing Bike Rack Capacity
Additional Spaces Required
Per % of Auto Parking Method
Wakeham Park
3400 Smalley St.
18 off-street
0.90
0 on -street
0.00
Total
0.90
0 3
Shiffer Park
3143 Bear St.
21 off-street
1.05
16 on -street
0.80
Total
1.85
0 3
Tewinkle Park
970 Arlington Ave.
173 off-street
8.65
25 on -street
1.25
Total
9.90
0 10
Lions Park
570 W. 18th St.
191 off-street
9.55
81 on -street
4.05
Total
13.60
15 0
Fairview Park
2525 Placentia Ave.
129 off-street
6.45
0 on -street
0.00
Total
6.45
0 7
Total
23
Methodology:
Demand by % of Parking Is a calculation method employed by some U.S. cities (such as Boulder, CO; Huntington Beach, CA; Irvine, CA; Bend, OR)
which requires bicycle parking capacity to be a percentage of the number of automobile spaces provided. For this analysis, a standard of 5% of
parking spaces, but no less than 3 bike spaces, was used. The 5% was used as a figure that is lower than cities with a large biking community
(Boulder. CO), but also higher than cities with a smaller biking community (Irvine, Huntington Beach). The size of a biking community was
determined by the number of workers over the age 16 who bike to work as calculated In the 2006-2010 American Community Survey. S0801.
Additionally, 5% of vehicle parking spaces was used because 5% is the recommended supply for short-term bicycle parking for visitors according to
the 2010 California Green Building Code, Section 5.106.4.